Ventricular septal defect (VSD closure)
Ventricular septal defects are closed surgically in the vast majority of cases. However, some patients also have the option of an "umbrella closure". Just like ASD closure, closure of the VSD is a minimally invasive procedure compared to surgery; the implantation technique is significantly more complicated and there is a higher risk of cardiac arrhythmia. The indication is therefore less common. The material is the same as for ASD sheaths. Muscular VSDs are particularly suitable for this technique, but membranous VSDs can also be closed with specially moulded occluders.
Implantation is also carried out via the large vessels in the groin or together with the cardiac surgeons in the operating theatre (hybrid VSD closure).